He aha mō ngā Whare Pereki e taea ana e ngā tikanga auau kino?

Te Here Hau: Me Pēhea e Mātai ai ngā Whare Tōpuni i ngā Hau Kua Tonoia e te Karere

Whakamātau Pūranga ki te 120 km/h (Karere Rawa 11)

Kia kitea ai te āhua o ngā whare kiriata i ngā hau pūkaha, ka whakamahia ngā tūnel hau ki ngā tere e 120 km/h, e rite ana ki ngā hau whenua kaha o te Kapa 11. E whakaatu ana ngā ripōtū pūkaha ko ngā anga hiko o ēnei whare e taea ai te tautohe i ngā hau e neke ake i te 241 km/h, nui ake rānei i te 150 mph, e ōrite ana ki ngā hau kaha o te Kapa 4. Ko tēnei kaha atu e hoatu ana he taupua haumaru mōrearea ina pāngia e te raki kino. Ka titiro ngā whakamātautau ki te āhua o te parararetanga e pa ana ki ngā hononga me ngā wāhanga e mau ana i te taumaha ina mai ngā hau mai i ngā tātunga rerekē. Ko ngā hua e whakaatu nei ko te nuinga o ngā takotoranga here e pakari ana i raro ika 2 mm ahakoa te uara o te parararetanga. Kotahi tēnei āhua o te pakari e ōrite ana ki ngā whare noho tūmatanui i ngā wāhi e mōhiotia ana mō ngā hau kaha.

Ngā Pūnaha Herehere me ngā Rautaki Tūāpapa mō te Pakari

Ko ngā pūnaha herehere matatau e aukati ana i te huri haupae mā te tuku i ngā koretake hau ki te whenua i te wā e tika ana. Ka whakamahi ngā pūkaha i ngā raihana rerekē e hāngai ana ki ngā tikanga o te wāhi:

• Ngā kowhiringa whenua helical e tomokanga ana 1.8 m ki roto i te oneone mō te tuku uara tino pōtiki
• Ngā rīwhi paraka mō ngā takotoranga pūrora, waihoki rānei

Kāhore ngā rākau e whai hāngā i ngā kaha whakamāua i te 12 kilonewton i te mita tapawhā, ā, ko tēnei he nui ake i te nui o ngā kaha e hiahiatia ana kia whakamāua e ngā whare maha i te wā o ngā tīwhanawhana. I te wā o ngā pūtake, he rerekē ngā ara e mahi pai ake ana i runga i te wāhi i whakamahinga ai. Ko ngā papa takitahi o ngā kōhatu kōhatu e āki ana i te rere o ngā wai i ngā wāhi e noho ana i raro ake i te whenua, i te wāhi i ngā rākau pūtake āhua rerekē e whakapai ake ana i te tāwhai i ngā wāhi e tata ana ki ngā maunga hikohiko, i ngā rārangi pātua rānei. I ngā whakamātau i te ao i te Tōtahi Hauāwhi, i wāhi e tino haere mai ana ngā tīwhanawhana, kāore i tātaihia he raru pūtake i tēnei wā, i te wā i whakamahinga ngā ara whakauru tika. Ko te whakamahi i ngā mātauranga pūkenga hei whakamahinga i ēnei rākau he rerekē tonu. I tātai ngā whakamātau, ko ngā kaiwhakamahi i te manawa pūkenga e whakapai ake ana i te whakamāua kaha o te 40% i ngā kaiwhakamahi kāore i te pūkenga i tēnei mahi.

Te whakakaha i te whakarere o te wai me ngā whakakaha: Te whakamanatanga i ngā wā o ngā ua tino hīkākā me ngā hāngā

Te whakakaha i ngā tāwhai o te ngākau ā-taupua me te whakakaha i te whakarere o te wai i te rārangi IP65

Ko ngā whare hōuka e horo ana mā te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha tāpene maha, anuanu hoki hei whakarite kia pakari tonu i ngā wā o ngā rautau hukapapa me te parurenga parurenga roa. Ki ia hononga, ko ngā tapeneta kōpae, ngā mema kua tā karawhiti, me ngā tapa takotoria e mahi tahi ana kia āki ai te urutaunga—āno he pēhi hiko mai i te ua e roa ana.

Ko te raupapa IP65 Ingress Protection e tiwha ana i te tiaki atu i ngā tīwiri ua iti pea mai i te taha katoa. Kia tutuki ai tēnei paerewa, ka whakawhitihia ngā kauwhau ki te whakamātau ua: 12.5 karaka iniaminute o te wai e hoatu ana i te pēhi o 30 kPa mō te 15 meneti. Ka whakamāoritia tēnei kia pai ai te mahi i ngā tikanga e neke ake ai te ua i te 50 mm/haora me te parurenga takotoranga e pānuitia ana i runga ake i te 90%.

Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te hoahoa ko:

• Ngā ara tōraro e whakarahi ana i te rereū ake i ngā hononga hanganga
• Ngā tāpene elastomeric ātaahua kia ū ki te panonitanga o te wera me te totohu
• Ngā karuwhiti mema tonu ki ngā wāhi hono whenua kia mutu ai ngā ara kapihau

Ngā pūnaha ēnei e whakawātea ana i te tipu o te mōrahi, e pupuri ana i te uara R o te takotoranga, me te aukati i te korarautia—ka tiakina ai te kounga o te hau ki roto me te mahi roa o te hanganga i ngā āhuarangi makariri, nui te ua.

Te Maru o te Tini Mōrearea: Hukapapa, Ngā Pikinga Whenua, me ngā Aukati Mara

Te Mātauranga Taraiwa Hukapapa me ngā Whanonga Hanganga mō ngā Rēwharewha Makariri

Ko ngā tūhono kōpae kaha e hono ana ki ngā pikinga rero raro ka āwhina i ngā whare hūtiketike kia ū ki te huka taumaha katoa. Kei te piki ake anō ngā hoahoa nui ake i ngā here o te Kaupapa Whare Tuarangi mō ngā wero huka mō ngā kāinga, e 1.5 kN ia mitarau tapawhā, nui pea 150 manokaramu ia mitarau tapawhā. He pai tēnei momo whakaritenga mō ngā kāinga kei ngā rohe maunga e heke ana te huka noa. Kia pai ake ai, ko te tikanga ka pakari ake ngā tapa, ā, ka whakaurua ngā tautoko diagonal ki ngā wāhi matua. Ko ēnei whakakōkiri atu ka wehe te taimana mai i runga kia kaua he wāhi e porotaka ai. I ngā whakamātautau i huihui ai te huka e rua mita te rahi ki runga i ēnei hanganga, ā, i muri i te tino taimana, kāore anō he porotaka kitea ki te tūhono, kaua hoki he papa e wehe ana i tōna wāhi.

Mahi Māmā: Te pupuri i te noho āhua mai i −20°C ki te 50°C Taiao

Ko ngā kōpae mātātoko i hoahoaia me ngā matērahi matua whanaketia ka pupuri i te noho haumaru o ngā kainoho, āno he pikinga tūhono hoki te wāhi tūhono. Ko ngā pāpaku i hangaia me ngā takotoranga maha, tae atu ki te parau poliūrea rūporohia, ka taea te eke ki ngā uara U i raro ake i te 0.28 W ia mitarau tapawhā Kelvin, e ū ana ki ngā ture whare e nuinga nei mō ngā takurua makariri, ā, ko ngā raumati hoki. Ina heke ngā wāhi tūhono ki raro i te kore, ko ngā tautuhinga HVAC hou kei a rātou ngā wāhanga hiko kākā me ngā ara hau motuhake kāore e ruru. I ngā rā pai rawa atu, ko ngā whare e mātai ana i ngā matērahi aro-ata, me ngā matapihi e aro ana i te wera kia kaua ai te wera te uru atu. Kātahi ka mahi tahi ēnei kōwhiringa hoahoa kia pupuri ai i ngā wāhi tūhono noho-tika mō te toru rā tonu mēnā he pikinga roa te wehe hiko. Ko te mahi pēnei e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa e tautokona ana e te International Code Council mō te oranga tūmatanui pono i ngā whare.

Ngā Tohu Whakaaetanga, Te Arotake Ā-Pūtake, me ngā Tepe o te Pakari o ngā Whare Tōpuni

Kua whakaaetia te pakari o ngā whare tōpuni e ētahi tohu tuatoru. Ko ēnei he mea pērā i te International Building Code (IBC), ISO 12845 e pā ana ki te tāwhai tikangia o ngā hanganga, ā, kei ētahi anō arataki rohe e tika ana kia mōhiotia. Hei tauira, kei a Hapani tana ake arataki, ko JIS A 5905 mō ngā whare rāwekenga. Mā te mahinga ake ka kitea te mahi i ēnei hanganga, i ētahi taiao uaua – i ētahi wāhi e noho ana ngā tāpokopoko, ngā rohe maunga e hūmarie ana te hukapapa, me ngā wāhi e pā ana ngā hunu. Ko ngā tau anō hei kīwai i te kōrero – e kaha ana ki te tautoko i ngā hau e 120 km/h te tere, me ngā kāmaka hukapapa e 0.7 kN/m² te nui, kia rite ai te whakauru ki ngā tautohetohe o ngā kaihanga.

Hei tūhuratia anō ētahi take pā ki te ao hurihuri. Kāore ngā tauira e noho pai ana i te rohe tropika e mōhiotia ana mō ngā wāhi e heke iho nei i raro i te kōpara, arā ngā here tōpiko tēnei e hiahiatia ana kia mahi ai i ngā tikanga heke ake i te kōpara. A, ina ko ngā wae takotoranga e piki ake ana i te 2.4 mita te teitei o te tuanui, kei te hiahiatia pea ngā tirohanga pūkaha motuhake me te whakaaetanga mai i ngā mana whenua. Ko te roa o te wā e toa ai ēnei hanganga ka hāngai ki te tiaki tūhono hoki. Mā te mātai i te horapa kia kaua ai te pā ki te wai, ka taea e ngā taurangi hiko tētahi ratonga pai o te 15 ki te 25 tau. Engari me mataara koe ki te aha ka pakaru ai te rewharewha i ngā wāhi panonihia, ina hinga te haumanu ki te hou i ngā wāhi panonihia i ngā wā maha. Ko te wehi tēnei e hara ana i te pānga nui ki te aukati i te wai i te wā roa. I mua i te whakaputanga i tētahi mea, he mea matua whakamātua te tirotiro i ngā tuhinga katoa e pā ana ki te wāhi. Tirohia ngā mahi mātai whakamātua e mōhiotia ana mā ngā tohu mana, ka whakapumautia hoki te whakapumautanga e uru ana ngā kowhatu ki ngā takotoranga tika.

FAQ

Me pēhea e taea ai te whare hukapapa te herekenga o ngā hau kaha?

Kua whakamatauria ngā whare hukapapa ki ngā tūnel hau ki ngā tere e 120 km/h karaka ana, ā, kua whakararangia ki ngā takotoranga hiriwa e taea ai te herekenga o ngā hau neke atu i te 241 km/h, pērā me ngā pakanga hau a Category 4.

He aha ngā pūnaha hereki e whakamahia ana mō te tūpono?

Ka whakamahia ngā pūnaha hereki motuhake pērā i ngā hereka whenua helical me ngā poro puipui koncrete hei whakakore i te hurihanga, me te tuku tūpono ki ngā kaha hau e tāwhai mai ana.

Me pēhea te whakamaroke i ngā whare hukapapa?

Ka whakamahi ngā whare hukapapa i ngā pūnaha tāpae maha, tae atu ki ngā rīpene totohu, ngā mema inu-kirihou, me ngā tāpae takotoria e whakarite ai i te maroke i te wā o te ua nui.

He tino āhua ngā whare hukapapa ki te hukapapa me ngā whakaritenga mōhio?

Āe, he takotoranga hiriwa kākāriki a ngā whare hukapapa hei whakahaere i ngā wito hukapapa nui, ā, ka whakamahi anō i ngā matapara mōhio hei pupuri i te noho haumaru i ngā whakaritenga mōhio tino.

He aha ngā tiwhikete e whakamārama ana i te roa oha o ngā whare hukapapa?

Kua whakaaetia ngā whare hangoia e ngā paerewa pērā i te International Building Code (IBC), ISO 12845, me ngā paerewa rohe pērā i te JIS A 5905 o Iharani.

He whea atu ngā here e mea mātai ana?

Kaore pea ngā tauira whanaketia mō ngā hauāni hekenga i ngā tikanga tino makariri, ā, e hiahiatia ana he tirohanga inžinieri anō mō ngā waeine hekeke hāi tahi ake.