Kāinga Neke Tū: Te Whakautu mo te Kainga E Māmātia Ai

Tētahi Aonui Hou o te Nooho: E Wehe Ana i ngā Ture Tuku Iho ​

Kua eke te mate pāpaku whare o te ao ki te takotoranga pakeke, ā, kua piki ake ngā utu whare, kua noho pūngāwera ngā utu utu, ā, kua tīmata te manawa pōpōkai o ngā tāone e wātea ai te wāhi noho mō te mīri mano. Kei ngā tāone mai i Mumbai ki Mexico City, kei te āhua ngoikera te wāhi noho mō ngā kainoho ākonga, ngā whānau heke rawa, ā, me te kātata anō hoki. Tena ko ngā whare kawe-tūhono—he whakautu whai āhua, he whakautu e āki ai te whakaaro ka nui rawa te utu, ka pumau rānei, ka tū tonu ki te tāone kotahi. Kua whakarewa anō ēnei hanganga hou i te utu e taea ai te noho, ā, kua whakaritea hoki i te ara ki te noho āwhina e ū ana ki te aronga o te ao inaianei. ​

He aha ngā Whare Kawe? Te Whakarewa anō i te “Whare” i runga i te Nekehanga ​

Kāinga nekeneke, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakaputua ki ngā RV, ki ngā kāinga iti, he tino whirinakitia, he whanui ake hoki. Kaua ko ngā waka rereke e hangaia ana mō te haerenga tāpiripiri, ko ngā kāinga nekeneke kei te hangaia hei kāinga roa, pumau. Kei ngā toihau te hanga i ngā wāhanga katoa—ngā taiepa, ngā takotoranga, me ngā paparanga—ka hangaia, ka tirotirohia, kātahi ka kawea ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana. Ki te tū ake i te wāhi, ka taea te whakatakoto i ngā rā iti noa, ka taea hoki te whakapai ki runga i tētahi turanga taupua (pērā i te oneone, i ngā paraka concretetete), i te nuinga anō hoki mō te hunga e rapu nei i te pumau. ​

Hei teitei tēnei hanga tuanui i waho i te tūmatanui. Mā te whakakaha i ngā raru, i ngā wehenga o te hanga i te wāhi—pērā i te raru āhuarangi, i te taraweti mai i ngā taputapu, i te itenga o ngā kaimahi—ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaputa i ngā kāinga nekeneke ki te rahinga iti ake i te utu o ngā kāinga tikanga. Hei tauira, he 500-square-foot portable house pea e utua ​ 30,000– 50,000, i ngā waatea ki ​ 150,000– 250,000 mō tētahi whare ōwehenga e āhua rite ana ki te rahinga o ngā tāone nui. Kāore ko te rerekētanga o te utu i te wāhi e pakaru ai te kaupeka; he ara oranga ia mō ērā i kore rawa nei i whai whakaaro ki te āhua heka o te whanaketanga o te whare. ​

Te Whakamahana: He Atu Kē I Te Iti Ake o Te Tuhinga Utu ​

Kei te toroa ake te whakamahana o ngā whare nekeneke i runga i te utu tuatahi. Ko ngā whare hītori he utu huna: taumaha mā ngā pātaka nunui, ngā pere hua mai i te whakapakoko kore-eke, me ngā utu whakapai ake mō ngā punaha e pōuri ana. Ko ngā whare nekeneke, kei te whakarahi hoki, i hangaia kia angitu. Ko te iti ake o te rahi ka heke i te hiahia ki te whakaiti me te whakauru inu, ā, ko ngā whakapakoko taiwhenua me ngā matapihi e iti ai te manawa o te kaha e mau ai ngā utu whakauru i raro—i te nuinga o te wā 30–50% iti ake i ērā o tētahi whare tikanga. ​

I te nuinga o ngā wā, he āwhina hoki ngā whare kawe ki te whakamahi i te whenua. Kaua ko te hoko i te whenua utu nui o te tāone, ka taea e ngā kaiwhenua te whakanoho i ō rātou whare ki ngā tapawhā whenua hokohoko, kei te rawa a te whānau, i te whenua hōu rānei—ka iti ake ngā utu tuatahi. Kei ētahi tāone, kei te mahi tāura ngā kāwanatanga o te rohe ki ngā kaiwhanake hei waihanga i ngā 'kāinga whare kawe', kei reira ngā kainoho e tākarotia ana ngā waingohia pērā i te wā parking me ngā wā tamariki, ka iti ake ngā utu takitahi i te wa e whanake ai te hapori. Mō ngā whānau heke rawa, ko te aronga ki te wehenga o te riri pakanga; mō ngā kaimahi ringa kaha, ko te whai whare kaua ko te whakaroa i ētahi atu whāinga o te oranga, pērā i te akoranga, i te timata i te whānau rānei. ​

Kaha Whakauru: Ngā Whare E Tipu Ana, E Neke Ana Me Koe ​

Ko te ora he mea koretake—ka huri ngā karapuna, ka whanake ngā whānau, ka rerekē ngā take matua. Ko ngā whare weroaroa e āwhina ana i ēnei huringa, nō reira ko te whiriwinanga mo ngā aronga o te ao hou. Ko tētahi tangata anake pea ka timata ki te kotahi te rita tapawhā ōrite 300 mita, kātā ka whakapiripiri i tētahi wāhanga anō ina mārena. Ko tētahi whānau e neke ana ki tētahi tūmatanui mō tētahi mahi ka neke i te whare ki tētahi takiwā hou, ka pakaru ai te uaua me te utu nui o te hoko i tētahi whare tikanga. Ko te nekenga nei he mea nui rawa atu ki ngā umanga pērā i te hanga, te hauora, te whakaako rānei, kei hea ngā here motuhake he noho tāpiri ana. ​

Ko te whirinakitanga hoahoa he kaha anō hoki. Kei te tuku ngā kaihanga i ētahi tahumaero, mai i ngā whare wātea me ngā waahanga mahi e pāwhara ai ki ngā kotiro iti me ngāpui mo ngaungau me te rokiroki takitahi. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamahi te whirinaki i ā rātou ake whare ki te tāone, peita, te paparorohiko rānei, ka taea ai e rātou te whakapai ake i ā rātou whare kaua ko te utu nui o te hanga ritenga. Mō ngā kaimahi i waho i te tūmatanui, kei te maha o ngā tauira e whai nohoanga motuhake ana me ngā taputapu whakakaha reo me ngā hononga ipurangi tere-ka tāwhai ai i te mahi me te oranga. ​

Whakawhanaketanga: Te Hanganga i ā Tomorrow Tomorrow Tomorrow ​

I tēnei wā o te aronga ki te āhua o te ao, ko ngā whare nekeneke he kōwhiringa whakawhanake. Ko te hanga i te taiwhenua e murua ai te para: he iti ake ngā toto materiali me te whakamahia anō hoki i ngā rawa e toe ana, kaua ko te tikanga tuatahi kei te 10–15% o ngā rawa kei te punga paraihe. Kei te haere tonu atu ngā kaihanga, whakamahi i ngā anga hinu whakamahia anō, ngā paparanga rakau hou, me ngā peita iti -VOC hei whakaiti i ā rātou aratau karboni. ​

Ko ngā āhua e whai pono ana ki te taiao he mea tūmatanui, kāore i te kōwhiringa. Ka taea ngā paparorohiko rā anō te whakauru ki ngā irihipene i te wā o te hānganga, ka huri i ngā kāinga ki ngā punapua hauora motuhake. Ko ngā pūnaha whakauru wai ua, i te tāwhai me ngā taputapu pakaru-kaha, he iti ake te mōhiotia e te hunga whenua te wai. Ko te nekenga anō hoki i ngā kāinga waka-rewa he āwhina ake i te taiao: kotahi te kamupene e ū ki te maha o ngā wā, ka iti ake ngā whakaputanga hau compared to the transport of materials for a single site-built home. Mō ngā kaihoko e mātua whai whakaaro ana ki te taiao, kaua ko ngā waahanga hokohoko anake—engari ko te ara hei noho i runga i te aronga ki ā rātou uara i te wā kotahi me te penapena moni i runga i ngā utu. ​

Te Whakawhitinga Uaratanga: Te Whakarerekē i ngā Whakaaro me ngā Kaupapa here ​

Ahakoa ā rātou whai hua, kei te āraitia ngā whare kawe wātea. Ko ngā ture whakarite wāhi noho e pā ana ki te wā kua pōpōki i ētahi rohe e whakaatu ana i ērā hei "whare taupua", e here ana i te wāhi ka taea te whakanoho i ērā. Kei te tono tonu hoki ngā whakaaro hē: ko ētahi e whakaatu ana i ērā hei māmāne, me te whakaputua ki ngā whare whakamarumaru i te wā o te ririhau kaua ko ngā whare mo te roa. Heoi anō, kei te pakaru haere ngā aukati. ​

Ko ngā hapori angitu kei te arataki i te ara. Ko ngā tāone pērā i Portland, Oregon, me Berlin, Tiamani, kua whakarewa i ngā ture whakarite wāhi noho kia whakaaetia ai ngā kāinga whare kawe wātea, e kite nei i ērā hei taputapu hei whakatutuki i te raru o ngā whare kore me te iti o ngā whare noho. Ko ngā kaihanga hoki kei te whawhai i ngā whakaaro hē ki te whakauru i ngā hoahoa kounga teitei—mea mōhio he āhua rereke, he whare tuanui waho me ngā waatea rūma roa e tautohe ana ki ngā whare ōrite. Kia maha ake ngā tāngata e wheako ana i te noho kawe wātea, kei te rerekētia ngā whakaaro: i tētahi tātari 2024 i kitea mai ko te 62% o ngā kainoho ki te tāone ka whai whakaaro mō tētahi whare kawe wātea hei whare matua, nō te 38% i te tau 2019. ​

Te Anamata o ngā Whare Kawe Wātea: Te Whakarahi i ngā Whakautu ​

Ko te hiahia ki ngā whare wero e tōaitia ana. Ki te haere tonu te mahi i waho o te kāinga e whakapīroiroi ai i te rerekētanga i waenganui i te kāinga me te tari, kei te rapa atu ētahi tangata ki ngā whare kāore i roto i tētahi tāone anake. Kei te whai hoki ngā kaipupuri toiorangi ki ngā kotaha wero hei whakaruru i muri i ngā pakanga taiao, i reira pea ka whakaora i ngā koiora te tere o te whakamau. Kei te arotake hoki ngā kāwanatanga, ko te kāwanatanga o Škotiana he tauira, kua whakauru £50 miriona pauna ki ngā kaupapa whare wero hei whakatutuki i te korepāpaku, i te nuinga o te 'Whare mō Katoa' o Indiya kei roto ngā kotaha wero mō ngā hapori i te motu. ​

Ka whakakeke ake i ā rātou manawa ake ngā whakapapahinga hangarau. Ko ngā tauira anamata pea ka whai pūnaha kāinga iniotia e whirikotia ai te whakamahi pūngao ki te noho tāngata, teitei rānei ngā wāhanga e whakarahi ai i te wāhi noho ki te pato takotoranga. Ki te pai ake ngā tikanga hanga, ka heke ake pea ngā utu, ka wātea ake ai ngā whare wero ki te nuinga ake o te tangata. ​

Koorero mutunga: Ngā Whare Wero hei Kaihautū mo te Whakarereketanga ​

Ko ngā whare wakaheke tētahi otinga atu i te kōwhiringa nohoanga—ko te otinga ki te whakapapa, ki te pāpaku, me te kore mariko o te maakete ake. Mā te whai mōhio ki te utu e āhua ai, ki te āhua whirawhira, me te whakamahinga roa, e whakarato ana i te ara ki te noho tūturu mō ērā i mahue ai. A, ka neke haere ngā kaupapa here, ka hikina hoki ngā hangarau, ka nui ake te tuunga o ngā whare wakaheke ki te hanga i tētahi ao e wātea ana ki te noho haumaru, whakapau, me te utu e āhua ai. ​

Mō te hunga kua ririhau ki te tuku noho, ki te utu nui o ngā whare ake, i te hiahia ki tētahi aronga noho e tōnui ana i te nekeneke me te whakapau, kāore ngā whare wakaheke i te ahurea noa—ko te anamata o te nohoanga. ​