He aha e māia ai ngā whare pūkoro hei kōwhiringa mō te nohoanga taro?

Tere Anuanu: Tukuna tētahi Whare Pūkoro i ngā Rā, E Kīrehe ana i ngā Marama

I te Oti mai ki te NoHo i Roto i Ngā Haora 72 — Me pēhea ngā Huarahi Takotoranga e āki ai te Tere o te Parata

Ko te nohoanga atamiraō i tēnei wā e hāngai ana ki ngā kapa hāngai e hangaia ana e ngā toihanga, e āki ai ngā wā tere ake mō te whakauru i te nuinga o ngā tikanga hanga. E ai ki ngā pūrongo umanga, ka taea te hanga i ēnei whare takitahi 40 ki te 50 ōrau tere ake i te hanga arataki, he wā hiato anō pea ka oti te mahi i roto i te toru rā i muri i te tae mai ki te wāhi e pērā ana i te pānui i te Pūrongo Manawaroa Hanganga i te tau ki muri. Ko te take o tēnei tere kei te mea e paingia ana i te wā o te hanga. Mea pērā i te wiri, ngā pīpoi, ngā takotoranga whakamaroke, āe tae atu ki ngā takotoranga pāpaku, ka tukuna mua ki ngā toihanga i reira ka tūpono ngā tikanga, nō reira kāore he tumanako mō te rā pai, kāore hoki he tūmomo kaihoko e mahi ana i muri i tētahi ki te takiwā. Ka puāwai anō te wā i te tuku i ēnei kapa ki tō rātou wāhi e tino tika ana nā te mea ka taea te tāwhai i ngā karaihe maromaro noa, ā, kāore he hiahia ki ngā taputapu matatau engari pea ko tētahi crane, ko tētahi forklift hei tūnga i te tika. I kitea e tātou tēnei āhuatanga i tētahi kaupapa hāinga i reira i tū ake e rua tekau ngā rūmaumau kaimahi i roto anake i te ono tekau mā rua hāora, i taea ai te kaupapa katoa te timata tūturu tonu, kāore he wā pahure.

He Painga Whakaaetanga me te Ture Kaupapa Pakari mō te Whakamahinga Pāpaku

Ko ngā whare pūpahi takotoranga wāitaha e tīmata ana i ngā tikanga herehere e kore nei ngā whare noho tūmatanui e mōhiotia ana. Ko te nuinga o ngā wāhi e wehe ana i ēnei kainga nekeneke, arā ka taea e ngā mana herehere te hoatu whakaaetanga parakuihi tino marie, i ētahi wā kei roto anō i ngā rā e rua mō ngā take muri i ngā pāngaite, i ngā wāhi pātata rānei. Ka hapa hoki rātou i ngā tirohanga takotoranga roa mēnā kāore he nuinga o te keri i te timatanga. Ko te take? Ko ngā tauira paerewa e whakamahia ana i ngā whakamātautau whakataetae i te timatanga, nō reira i mua i te whakaaetia e AS/NZS, ka manawarite tonu ahakoa ko wai te wāhi e whakaputangia ana, ki te nohoia i ngā wāhi kua whakarātetia mō ētahi tere aweloro, nō reira i ngā wāhi kua whakarātetia mō ētahi tere awhiowhio, nō reira i ngā wāhi kua whakarātetia mō ētahi tere awhiowhio. Ko ēnei huarahi poto katoa e pehi ai i te wā paparahi ki te toru haurua, i te tāpiri atu ki te hanga me te whakatinana i ngā here here haumaru katoa e whakaratohia ana i te whenua. He nui te panonitanga ina ko te wā pea te mea nui, ahakoa ko te whakaputanga o ngā rūma whakarākei, te āwhina i ngā kaimahi tuarangi i te wā o te hauora, i te parakuihi rānei i ngā wāhi mahi mō ngā kaupapa hou.

Kounga Tāpiripiri: He Iti Ake te Kohaūtanga tuatahi me ngā Huinga Whanaketanga

Mā te whare eamata kia tuku painga hoko nui mā te iti ake i te utu tuatahi, ā, ko te whanaketanga o ngā utu roa-tero he pai ake i te hanganga arataki.

Pūkore atu i te hanganga arataki: 40–60% te itinga i te moni e hokona ai

Ko ngā kapa tūmatanui e utu ana i te iti ake i te 40 ki te 60 ōrau i te timatanga nā te hua o ngā pikinga whakangao i te whakaputa o te toihanga. Ko ngā hoahoa paerewa te tikanga, kāore he hiahia ki ngā taunakitanga ā-pūtea e piki ai ngā utu. Ko te hoko i ngā rauemi i te maha e heke ai te utu o ngā kapa. Anō hoki, ka waiho te hanganga i ngā taiao whakahaerenga kei reira ka heke te pāpaku mai i te 30%. He mea hoki te tere. Ko te whakauru e iti ake i te waru wiki te roa, arā no rānāhia pea te rākau kino, ā, kāore hoki he utu herekenga mō te mahi. Ko ngā kaupapa tuarangi e kitea ana te pikinga o te tahumaero, e 15 ki te 20% ia tau, nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei. Ko te mea e tuku ana ngā kapa tūmatanui ko te mea rerekē tonu: ngā utu e mōhiotia ana mai i te rā tuatahi, engari kāore i ngā utu e rerekē haeretia e kore e taea te whakamārama.

Te maroke whakahaere: ngaio whakawhitinga, whakauru anō, ā, kāore he pouri whakakore

I tua atu i ngā penihana i te timatanga, āwhina ana ngā whare tūmatanui i te whakahaere moni tūmatanui trūka toru tikanga e mōhiotia ana:

• Ngā tauānga whiwhinga kua nekehia , e whai ana ngā utu tōtahi ki te roa o te kaupapa, ka kitea te āki ai i te pūkenga taonga roa
• Pūkaha mōhio ki te nekenga , e tiakina ana te uara hanganga katoa, ā, e āwhina ana i te whakarerekēnga i roto i ngā rā
• Ngā hurihanga kore-wareware , ka wehe ngā utu wareware e $170/tana toni me te āki i ngā utu whakatipu wāhi
  Ka roa ake te wā o te whakamahinga o tēnei hoahoa e taea ai te penapena i ngā wā katoa e 60–70% me te heke i te utu tino (TCO) 45% i te wā o ngā tau 15—ka nui ake te pā ki ngā rautaki atamira, ngā kaupapa tuatahi, me ngā rōpū heke moni.

Hangaia mō te Nekenga: Hoahoa E Neke Ana me te Mahi Mō Te Tawhiti

Te nekenga standatia—ngā takotoranga ISO, ngā rahi e whakaaetia ana mō ngā huarahi, me te whakauru kāore he pereki

Kei runga ēnei waka noho tūmatanui i ngā takotoranga hiriwa e ū ana ki ngā paerewa ISO, ka nui ai te kaha o ngā waka ina nekehia anō me anō. Ko te rahi hoki he take nui, kei raro i te 4.3 mita te whānui o ēnei whare, ā, kei roto i ngā here taupānga tikanga mō te roa me te teitei, nō reira kāore he hiahia ki ngā pepa motuhake mai i ngā mana whenua mō te nuinga o ngā haerenga arataki. Kāore hoki he hiahia kia kīkī mai ngā makawe rahi. Mai i te wā i whakaurua ngā pūnaha totohu ki roto, ka taea e ngā kaimahi te whakaputangia tēnei whare ki te whenua. Ka tautoheka aunoa ngā waewae motuhake ki te ahunga o te whenua e tū ana rātou, he iti, he rahi rānei. Me te iti ake i te 15 taniha te taimaha o ia kōpae, ka taea e ngā taputapu totohu papai te katoa kaore he raruraru. Ko te hoahoa mataara katoa nei ka arataki kia iti ake te utu mo te nekenga o ēnei hanganga, e 30% te itinga i ngā kōwhiringa kē atu kāore i te paerewa. Anō hoki, e iti ake i ngā rua rā te wā e tūhono ana i te katoa ki te whenua pararaki, e ai ki ngā ripoi pūrongo mai i ngā kaihoko i mahi tahi ai me ēnei waka i ngā wāhi rerekē.

Whakauru kua whakamāoritia ki ngā takiwā ā-muri: ngā pā toa, ngā pokapū māra, me ngā kaupapa here whenua

Kei te mahi tūturu ngā waka noho pūmau ahakoa ngā tikanga kākati. Whakarongo ki ērā wāhi alpine makariri e heke ai ngā rahi ki raro iha minus 40 degrees Celsius, i ērā koraha hauhake e eke ana ki te 50 degrees. Ko ngā raraunga mara mai i ngā punaga mirihau ki Awherika e whakaatu ana i te mahi tonu o ēnei hanganga i te wā 99% ia wā. He aha te mea e pai ai? Nō reira, ka taea te nuku i te tere ina huri te wāhi o ngā kaupapa – arataki noa i roto i ngā toru rā, pea. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā kamupene e mahi ana ki ngā wāhi e huri haere ana. Anō, nā te iti hoki o te mahi whenua e hiahiatia ana, kei te pai tonu rātou ki ngā wenua tiaki taiao, ki ngā wāhi hitori rānei. Me kaua hoki e wareware ngā papahua rama rā solar e tino tīmata ana i te pouaka, arā, kāore he hiahia ki ngā rārangi hiko ohauru, ki ngā hononga hiko takotoranga rānei. Kua kite ētahi rangahau takitahi i te hunga kaimahi e noho ana i ēnei waka noho pūmau i te 25% roa ake i ngā wāhi tawhito (dongas) i ngā wāhi tārore. Ka mārama koe ki te take e huri ana ngā umanga pērā i te mirihau, te mahi whenua, me te hanga ki tēnei whakautu ahakoa ngā wāhi e huri haere ana.

Te Maru me te Noho Tāwāhi: Ngā Whakaritenga Katoa me te Pakari o te Whare E Wātea Ana

Ngā wae whare e wātea ana i mua i te hono hiko, i mua i te hono wai, ki ngā kīhini, ngā rūma whakapaku, HVAC, me te tūhonotanga mātai

Ko ngā raihana noho wātea i teianei ka tūhono atu ki te pātene, kua hui kikokiko, ā, kua tūhono hauora me te wātea kia noho tāngata tūturu. I roto i ia kōpae, kei reira ngā kītihana hangarua mō te penapena hiko, ngā wharepaku hangarua e hāngai ana ki ngā paerewa whakauru, me ngā pūnaha hōuhu / mārurenga e mahi pai ana i te wā o te hononga ki ngā ratonga. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tiro i ngā aronga haumāta, te whai mōhio i ngā tikanga hau o roto, te arotake i ngā wāhi mārurenga, me te tirotiro i te whakamahi hiko mai i ō rātou waea, rānei ipu tātari, ahakoa kei hea rātou e noho ana te arataki matihiko i roto i ēnei kōpae. Nā te mea katoa i hangaia ki te toihanga i mua, ko te itinga o ngā kaimahi e hiahiatia ana e ngā rōpū takotoranga i te takiwā i te nuinga o ngā kaupapa hanga, ka iti ake te wā me ngā utu. Me te mea pai rawa atu, ka whakaaetia ēnei hanganga kua hāngia ki ngā tikanga ā-rohe katoa. Ka taea te tuku tere atu ki ngā wāhi uaua pērā i ngā takiwā kua pakaru, ngā whakangao hōhonu, i ngā wāhi mahi poto rānei, i roto anō i ētahi rā e rua.

Tūmanako whakamātautau: te kounga o te hanganga e uru ana ki ngā rohe parahuka me ngā rohe alpine mā AS/NZS 1170.2

Kāinga pūkoro i hangaia mō ngā taiao pīroiro, ā, ka whai ia anō i ngā paerewa AS/NZS 1170.2 e pā ana ki ngā hau e eke ana ki ngā tere o te 300 km/h, arā anō pea ngā rohe pakanga Rarangi 5, ā, āe rānei i a ia te kaha ki te manaaki i ngā kōpae hukapapa e nui ake ana i te 1.5 kPa. Ko ngā hanganga he karuahi mātātoko kua whakakaha, he takotoranga e herea ana i ngā tango, ā, ānei ētahi āhuatanga motuhake hei pouawa i te huinga kōhuruhuru, me te aukati i te māmā kirihou i ngā wāhi maunga makariri rawa, i ngā takiwā moana maroke hoki. Kua whakamātauria ēnei whare e ngā rōpū tūmatanui, ā, kua kitea kua pāmahana, kua āki ai i ngā rū whenua, ā, kua āki hoki i te wareware. Ko kē atu nei te wā e ora ai tēnei, e 25 tau tau atu rānei, ā, ahakoa ko ia i runga i te takiwā parurenga tai, i runga i te maunga hoki e pīroiro ana te taiao. Ka whakamātauria ngā kapa nei i ngā wāhi e noho ana te kaimomo e iti iho ana i te -30°C, e eke hoki ki te 50°C. Ka mahi tonu tō rātau pono i ngā wāhi e hiahiatia ana te nohoanga pūmau, ina koa i ngā wā kītoitoi i ngā wāhi e pā ana te huringa ao.

FAQ

He aha te mea e tere ake ai te whakauru noho rereke i ngā tikanga hanga tūmatanui?
Whakamahia ana e te noho rereke ngā taponga hāngai i hangaia ki te whare hāngai i raro i ngā tikanga tū, e tere ai te prosihia honohono, ā, e wāwahi ana i ngā wā kore e hiahiatia ana e te rangi, te paru rānei i te wāhi.

Me pēhea e penapena ai te moni te whare rereke mō te utu i ngā tikanga hanga tūmatanui?
Ko ēnei taputapu e 40-60% iti ake te utu i te timatanga nā te hoko maha i ngā rākau, i te whakangao hoki ki te whare hāngai, ka wāwahi hoki i ngā utu mō te mahi, te rangi rānei e kore e mōhio.

He pai anō ngā whare rereke mō ngā tikanga taiao pīroiro?
Āe, kua hoahoa ngā whare rereke mō ngā wāhi pāpaku, mō ngā tikanga taiao uaua hoki, ā, kei raro i ngā paerewa mō te hau, te hukapuka, me ngā āhuatanga wera rānei.

Ka taea anō te whakamahi anō, te neke rānei i ngā whare rereke ngāwari?
Āe, he hoahoa rereke ō ratou me ngā takotoranga standatia, tāpoi hoki ngā punaha e tautokona ai te tūnga, te tūhono rānei ngāwari.