He whakamārama ngā Whare Tāwhai i ngā Ture Tāwhai ā-Whenua?

Te Whakamārama i te Whakamāhi o ngā Whare Tāwhai: Te Whakamāhi i te Whakamātautau o te Whare Ora vs. te Takiwā ā-Whenua

Me pēhea te Whakamātautau ā-Tuarua i te Pūnaha Pūkenga hei whakamārama i te Tūtūtanga o te Whare i mua i tana tāwhai ki te wāhi

I hanga mai i te whare ora ngā whare tāwhai e whakamātautau ana i ngā whakamātautau ā-tuarua kia rerekē i ngā ture tauira o te motu—arā, i te International Residential Code (IRC)—i te wā o te hanga. Ko ngā rōpū takitahi pērā i te International Code Council (ICC) te whakamātautau i te whakamāhi i ngā wāhi e toru matua:

• Ngā wāhanga tūtūtanga (ngā papa tāwhai, ngā pou, ngā rākau o ngā pātā
• Ngā rāngai hanga tāwhai (hiko, wai, HVAC)
• Te whai hāngai ki te ahi me ngā whaihua o te whakamahi i te hauora

Ko tēnei te whakamārama i te kaha o te whakamārama i wāhi kē, e whakamahi ana i ngā whare pūnaha āhuarangi me ngā taputapu tātai, he iti ake te hāngai ki te hapa o te 37% i te whakamārama i te wāhi (NAHB 2023). Ka whiwhi ngā wāhanga i ngā tohu whakamārama mō te wāhi i mua i te nekehanga, e whakakaha ana i te whai hāngai ki ngā tikanga pūnaha pūnaha.

He aha te take kāore te whakamārama i te whare pūnaha anō i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te whare pūnaha i te......

Ko ngā tari whare o te rohe anō te kaha katoa hei whakamāhi i ngā rārangi pūnaha o te wāhi—ahakoa he tohu whakamārama ā-toru te whare. Ko ngā rerekētanga o ngā ture o te rohe ko ngā mahinga ā-hāngai:

• Ngā hāngai o ngā whare pūnaha : Te pākoki o te rīpaku, te whakauru ki te whenua mō ngā riri whenua, i te whakamārama i ngā rārangi o te whare pūnaha
• Ngā hononga o ngā rārangi : Ngā tikanga o te wāhi mō te wai me ngā rārangi, i ngā ture o te rārangi hiko
• Ngā rārangi o te wāhi ngā rārangi whakamāmā, ngā rārangi teitei, i ngā aratohu ā-hāhā mō ngā parakere kia tātai.

Ko ēnei tātai hāhā o te wāhi e 28% o ngā huihuinga whare ā-whananga e hiahiatia ana kia whakamātua i muri i te tuku (Te Rōpū Whenua Ūki 2023). Ko tēnei whare ā-whananga i whakamātauria i ngā pūnaha IRC i taea pea te whakamātua i te whakamātautau o te kōhanga, ākene pea i tēnei whenua pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pāpaku he rerekē ngā hāhā o te whakamātua, i tēnei wāhi pā......

Ngā Whare ā-Whananga vs. Ngā Whare ā-Mahinga: Ko te whakamārama i te rārangi e whakamārama ana i ngā ture e whai pānga ana ki tōu whare ā-whananga

Ngā Whare ā-Mahinga: I whakamārama mai i te Tāwhai Ārai (24 CFR Part 3280) me ngā whakamārama kua whakakorehia i ngā whakamārama ā-rohe

Ko ngā whare hanga i te toa i hanga mai i ngā rākau hāngā i runga i ngā tārua kōhanga, ā, me whai i ngā ture mātua a HUD e mōhiotia ana hei Te Ture o HUD (ko tēnei ko te 24 CFR Part 3280 mēnā he whāinga mō te rapu). Ko ēnei ture i tēnei wā e whakamāngai ana i ngā ture whare o te motu, o te rohe, nō reira, kei te whai ngā whare hanga i te toa i ngā whāinga haumaru matua katoa i te whenua i ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga, o te aha i te ahi, me te whai pānga ki te hiko. Ko te pūrākau pai ko tēnei whakamāngai e whakamāmā ana i ngā mahi i te neke, i te whakamātua i ēnei whare. Engari he pūrākau kino hoki. Kāore ngā kaiwhakamahi i te taea te whakamātautau i ō rātou āhua mō ngā wāhi ā-wāhi, ākene anō pea ka whakamātau i ā rātou āhua ā-tātai. Whakaarohia ngā wāhi e tūpono ana te riri o ngā riri whenua e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamātautau ā-hāngā, i ngā wāhi taiwhenua hoki e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamātautau mātua o ngā pae kia kaha ake ki ngā hauāwhā.

Ngā Whare Mōdūla: E whai tonu ana i ngā ture o te motu, o te rohe i te whakamātua i te IRC/IBC — Ka whakamāmā i te whakaaetanga mō ngā whare kua hanga i mua i te wāhi

I te hanga i ngā whare āhua rōpū, he hāngai ki te Ture Whare o te Ao (IRC), tēnei anō, ki te Ture Hanga o te Ao (IBC), ā, kua rerekē ngā ara e whakamāhinga ana i ēnei ture i ngā wāhi ākene me ngā tāone. Ko ngā whare āhua rōpū i rerekē ai i ngā whare āhua whakamātautau, ko te mea, kāore ngā whare āhua rōpū e whai ana i te whakamātautau ā-tōrangapū, arā, me whai ngā whare āhua rōpū katoa i ngā whakamāhinga ā-wāhi katoa. Me mātua whai ngā kaiwhakamahi i ēnei huihuinga i ngā ture ā-wāhi katoa e pā ana ki ngā papa, te uara o te pākihi o ngā pae i ngā wāhi he hukapapa, te whakamārama i ngā riri whenua, me ngā whakamātautau mō te whakamāhi i te hiko. He tauira ko Kalifōnia, i reira ko ngā whakamātautau hiko o Te Tītī 24 e whakamārama ana i ngā āhua o ngā whakamātautau mō te whakamāhi i te hiko me ngā matā, i tēnā wāhi, ko Floriha i reira me whai ngā whare i te hāngai ki ngā hau ā-whānui. Ko te putanga? Mā ngā whakamātautau ā-pānga i ngā pānga o ngā whare āhua rōpū e hiahiatia ana ngā panonitanga ā-hāngai i te hāngai mai i Teksasa ki Māsātisets. Ko tēnei āhua o te whakamāhinga i ngā wāhi rerekē he pai noa i te whakamārama i ngā hapori kia ora i ō rātou whakamātautau rerekē, engari he rerekē tonu te hāngai i ngā whare kua oti i te whakamāhinga i ngā wāhi rerekē hei whakamāhinga mō ngā kaiwhakamahi e whai ana i te whakamāhinga o ngā mahi.

Ngā Rerekētanga i te Whakamahinga i ngā Kōhinga Tauira: He aha ngā rerekētanga o te whakamāmā i ngā Whare Tāwhai i ngā Takiwā me ngā Rohe

Ko ngā IRC me ngā IBC hei ngā Paerewa Tūturu — Engari ko tēnei anō i ngā wā e whakamahinga ana i ngā rohe, ā, e whakamātau ana hoki

Ko ngā IRC me ngā IBC ngā paerewa matua mō te hanga kōpae, ahakoa ko tēnei anō i ngā wā e whakamahinga ana i ngā takiwā, i ngā rohe rānei, ā, e whakamātau ana hoki i ngā ture. Ko tēnei he wāhanga nui o ngā rohe o Tāmaki Makaurau, pērā i te 30%, e whakamahi ana i ngā kōhinga tāruke tuatahi, i ngā whakamāngungu ā-rohe rānei mō ngā āhuatanga pērā i ngā rū whenua, te whakamau i te hōhi, me te whakawhitinga o ngā hau. I te rerekētanga o ēnei kōhinga i te ao katoa, ko tēnei he rerekētanga o tēnei kōpae i whakamāmātia mai i te whare mahi i runga i ngā paerewa o te IRC 2021, ā, ka taea pea te whakamāmā i ngā ture ā-rohe mō te whakamahi i te hōhi i ngā wāhi makariri, i te rerekētanga o ngā whakamāmātanga mō te wāhi o te tai i ngā takiwā taiwhenua. Ko ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā kōpae e whai ana i ngā raruraru nui i tēnei, i tēnā i ngā whakamāmātanga e whakamāhinga ana i ngā whakamāmātanga ā-rohe e rerekē ana, ā, kāore pea i te whakamāmā i ngā whakamāmātanga ā-rohe e rerekē ana.

Ko te Tauākī: Ngā Whakamātautau Rerekē mō ngā Whare Tāwhai Āhua Rite i ngā Takiwā o Kalifonia me Teksasa

Ko ngā whare pānga āhua rite tonu i tēnei i tūhono ki ngā hāhautanga whakaaetanga rerekē tonu i San Diego County me Austin. I Kalifōnia, nā ngā ture pūmau o Title 24 i whai mātua ai kia whakamāhi ngā kaiwhakamahi i ngā pānui rā kia tata ki te $18,000 hei whakamātautau i ngā whakamauranga energetika. I Tēkasa, i tāwhai ngā kaihanga i te whakamāngai anō i ngā pou o te whare i runga i ngā whāinga hāwha pūmau. I tīmata te whare o Austin i ngā whakamātautau katoa i te wā iti tonu—i te rā e toru tekau mā whā—i runga i ngā kōrero pūmau o te IBC i whakamahinga mai i te rūri o te motu. Engari i tāwhai ake ngā mahi i tē rāwhiti, i tāwhai ngā kaiwhakamātautau o Kalifōnia i te kaupapa i ngā wāhanga e ono tekau mā tahi i runga i ngā raru o te whānui o te ara kōpae, he raru pūmau mō ngā whakamātautau o te rōpū āwhina i ngā ahi. Ko tēnei he tohu kia mārama ai ko ngā whare tāwhai kē kāore i tino whai hua, kei tēnei rānei i ngā ture ā-rohe e whai ana. He pūmau ngā whakamātautau o ngā pātaka me ngā whakamātautau pūkenga, āe, engari kāore e whakakaha i ngā whakatau a ngā kaiwhakamātautau o te tāone mō ngā tikanga hanga e whai ana.

Ngā Hāinga Ō Tēnei Wāhi I Tēnei Wāhi I Tāwhai I Ngā Whakamātautau o te Whare i te Pūhanga mō ngā Whare Āhua Kua Whakamātauria

Ngā Rākau Whakamātāpō, Ngā Huinga Whakamātāpō, Ngā Urutā o te Rōpū Ārai Ātaahua, me ngā Whakamātāpō o ngā Ture Whakamātāpō

Ko ngā whakamātautau o te pūhanga he whakamātautau i te tūpono o te whare i te wā o te whakamāhunga , engari kāore he whakakapi i ngā hāinga ō tēnei wāhi. I muri i te tuku, me whakamātau tōu whare āhua kua whakamātauria kia whakamātau i ngā ture o te rohe mō ngā āhuatanga ēnei:

• Te whakamātautau o ngā rākau whakamātāpō : Ko ngā whakamātautau i te oneone hei whakamārama i te hāere, i ngā whakamātāpō, me ngā whakamātāpō—ko ngā whakamātāpō kāore i whakaaetia he take mō te 42% o ngā whakamātāpō (Modular Building Institute 2023)
• Ngā hononga o ngā rārangi : Ko ngā kaimātātai ō te rohe e whakamātau ana i ngā huinga hiko, wai, me ngā huinga ahi ki ngā ture o te takiwā—āhua kua whakamātauria i te pūhanga, ākene pea e hiahiatia ana ngā whakamātāpō i te wāhi
• Te urutā o te rōpū ārai ātaahua : Me whakamātau ngā whānui o ngā ara, ngā whānui o ngā huri, me te tata o ngā puna wai hei whakamārama i ngā whakamātautau o te kaitiaki ārai ātaahua
• Te whakamāmā o te rōhe : Ko ngā whakaaetanga mō ngā wāhi tāwhai, ngā rōhutanga hāngā, me ngā whakaritenga mō te whakamahinga o te whenua e rere ana i ia huiā, ā, ko ngā huiā e tātari ana anō hoki e whakakore i ngā tauira ōrite

Kāore he mana o ngā kōrero whakamātua o tēnei pāmu i runga i ēnei ture ā-huiā, nā te mea he rāwekenga i raro i te ārai ture o ngā tari hanga ā-rohe.

Ngā Pātai e Patai Pūnoa Ana

He aha te rautaki rerekē i waenganui i ngā whare ā-mōhini me ngā whare ā-pāmu i te āhua o te whakamātua?

Me whakamātua ngā whare ā-mōhini i ngā ture ā-kāinga me ngā ture ā-rohe, pērā i ngā ture IRC/IBC, ā, e rere ana ēnei i ia wāhi; ā, ko ngā whare ā-pāmu e whakamātua ana i ngā ture ā-ao o HUD, ā, e whakakore ana i ngā ture ā-rohe.

He aha ngā take kāore ai te whakamātua o te pāmu e whakamātua ai te whakaaetanga ā-rohe mō ngā whare ā-pāmu?

Ko te whakamātua o te pāmu he whakamātua i te kounga o te hanga i runga i ngā ture ā-motu, engari me whakamātua hoki ngā whakaritenga ā-rohe mō ngā takotoranga, ngā hononga ā-hāngā, ngā rōhe, me ngā tikanga haumaru ahi, ā, e hiahiatia ana pea ngā whakamātua anō hei whakamātua.

He hāngā anō ngā whare ā-pāmu i muri i te tuku?

Āe, ko ngā whare tāwhai i te 28% e hiahia ana i ngā whakamātautau i muri i te tuku i raro i ngā ture o te rohe e rere ana mai i ngā whakamātautau o te whare pāpara.

He aha te take i rere ai te whakamārama o ngā whare tāwhai i waenganui i ngā huiā me ngā kōhanga?

Ko te rere o te whakamārama i te mea ka kore ngā huiā me ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe e whakamahi i ngā whakamārama o te IRC me te IBC i te wāhi e rite ana, ā, he rere o ngā ture whare ā-rohe me ngā whakamātua.